Action Unit Combination 1+2
A. Appearance Changes due to AU Combination 1+2
The combination of these two Action Units raises the inner (AU 1) and the outer (AU 2) corners of the eyebrows, producing changes in appearance which are the product of their joint action.
1. Pulls the entire eyebrow (medial to lateral parts) upwards.
2. Produces an arched, curved appearance to the shape of the eyebrow.
3. Bunches the skin in the forehead so that horizontal wrinkles appear across the entire forehead. The wrinkles may not appear in infants, children, and a few adults.
4. Stretches the eye cover fold so that it is more apparent.
5. In some people (those with deeply set eyes) the stretching of the eye cover fold reveals their upper eyelid, which usually is concealed by the eye cover fold.
Compare the image 1+2 with image 0. Inspect the video of AUs 1+2.
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page 387 for score |
page 382 for score |
page 416 for score |
B. How to do AU Combination 1+2
This behavior should be easy for you to do. Simply lift your eyebrows up, both ends as high as you can. Note the wrinkling in your forehead. In some people the wrinkling does not occur but the skin is still bunched up. In some people these wrinkles are permanently etched (see 0 and w0) but they deepen noticeably when 1+2 acts. Suppress any tendency you may also have to lift your upper eyelid (AU 5) when performing 1+2. Make sure you are not pulling your brows together (AU 4) when you lift them.
C. Intensity Scoring for AU Combination 1+2
The criteria for AU 1 and those for AU 2 are altered significantly in this combination from the criteria for each alone. Do not use Section C for AUs 1 and 2, you must use the criteria listed below for the total configuration 1+2. The criteria for intensity scoring are described for roughly equal intensities of AUs 1 and 2. Of course, any combination of intensities of AUs 1 and 2 can occur in action unit combination 1+2, and to score these intensities (e.g., 1B+2C), you must consider the relative contribution of the separate AUs in the combination you score against the criteria listed below. When considering whether AU 2 is present when the action of AU 1 is clearly evident, be sure that any lifting of the outer eyebrows is not due merely to the action of AU 1 alone, as can occur with stronger AU 1s.
AUs 1A+2A in AU Combination 1+2
The appearance changes for AUs 1+2 are sufficiently present to indicate AU 1+2, but are insufficient to score 1B+2B (e.g., the entire brow is raised a
trace).
AUs 1B+2B in AU Combination 1+2
1. Entire brow raised
slightly.
If you did not see the brows
move it must also meet the additional criteria:
2.
Slight horizontal wrinkles
1 or muscle bunching reaching across forehead. If horizontal wrinkles are evident in the neutral face, change from the neutral appearance must be
slight.
and
3.
Slightly more exposure of eye cover fold than in neutral.
or
4. If there is no wrinkling or bunching in the brow, but the brow raise and exposure of the eye cover fold is
marked, you can score 1+2.
AU 1C+2C in AU Combination 1+2
Entire brow is raised at least
markedly, but less than for level 1D+2D. Wrinkling and eye cover fold exposure should both be evident and at least one should be at least
marked, but the evidence is less than the criteria for 1D+2D.
AU 1D+2D in AU Combination 1+2
Entire brow is raised at least
severely. Wrinkling and eye cover fold exposure should both be evident and at least one should be at least
severe, but the evidence is less than the criteria for 1E+2E.
AU 1E+2E in AU Combination 1+2
The entire brow is raised
maximally.
1
If you are scoring the face of an infant or child who never shows forehead wrinkles with AUs 1+2 or 1+2+4, then the wrinkling criterion needs to be discounted, and you must rely on the other criteria.
